Macro Photography By Joni Niemela

o 90–105 mm range the standard focal range used for insects, flowers, small objects
o 150–200 mm range gives more working distance — typically used for insects and other small animals
o a few zooms provide a macro option, but they generally do not allow a 1:1 magnification
- Extending the distance between the lens and the film or sensor by inserting either extension tubes or a continuously adjustable bellows, with no optical components; between the camera body and the lens. The further the lens is from the film or sensor, the closer the focusing distance, the greater the magnification, and the darker the image for the same aperture. Tubes of various lengths can be stacked, decreasing lens-to-subject distance and increasing magnification. Bellows or tubes must be removed for normal working at longer distances. They can be used in conjunction with some other techniques (e.g., reversing the lens).