Girl With A Musical Instrument

Erich von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs adopted Mahillon's scheme and published an extensive new scheme for classification in Zeitschrift für Ethnologie in 1914. Hornbostel and Sachs used most of Mahillon's system, but replaced the term autophone with idiophone.
The original Hornbostel-Sachs system classified instruments into four main groups:
- Idiophones, which produce sound by vibrating the primary body of the instrument itself; they are sorted into concussion, percussion, shaken, scraped, split, and plucked idiophones, such as claves, xylophone, guiro, slit drum, mbira, and rattle.
- Membranophones, which produce sound by a vibrating a stretched membrane; they may be drums (further sorted by the shape of the shell, which are struck by hand, with a stick, or rubbed, but kazoos and other instruments which use a stretched membrane for the primary sound (not simply to modify sound produced in another way) are also considered membranophones.