Gangs Of Rio De Janeiro By Joao De Carvalho

The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and from 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed A Cidade Maravilhosa or "The Marvelous City." It is considered a Beta World City.
Rio de Janeiro epresents the second largest GDP in the country (and 30th largest in the world ), estimated at about 140 billion reais (IBGE/2007), and is the headquarters of two major Brazilian companies - Petrobras and Vale, and major oil companies and telephony in Brazil, besides the largest conglomerate of media and communications companies in Latin America, the Globo Organizations. Considered by many universities and institutes, is the second largest center of research and development in Brazil, accounting for 17% of national scientific production - according to 2005 data.