Madonna Louise Ciccone

During her childhood, Madonna was inspired by actors, later saying, "I loved Carole Lombard and Judy Holliday and Marilyn Monroe. They were all incredibly funny ... and I saw myself in them ... my girlishness, my knowingness and my innocence." Her "Material Girl" music video recreated Monroe's look in the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend", from the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. She studied the screwball comedies the 1930s, particularly those Lombard, in preparation for the film Who's That Girl. The video for "Express Yourself" (1989) was inspired by Fritz Lang's silent film Metropolis (1927). The video for "Vogue" recreated the style Hollywood glamour photographs, in particular those by Horst P. Horst, and imitated the poses Marlene Dietrich, Carole Lombard and Rita Hayworth, while the lyrics referred to many the stars who had inspired her, including Bette Davis, described by Madonna as an idol. Influences also came to her from the art world, most notably through the works artist Frida Kahlo. The music video the song "Bedtime Story" featured images inspired by the paintings Kahlo and Remedios Varo. Her 2003 video for "Hollywood" was an homage to the work photographer Guy Bourdin; Bourdin's son subsequently filed a lawsuit for unauthorised use his father's work. Pop artist Andy Warhol's use sadomasochistic imagery in his underground films were reflected in the music videos for "Erotica" and "Deeper and Deeper". Madonna's film career has been largely received negatively by the film critic community. Stephanie Zacharek, critic for Time magazine, stated that, "Madonna seems wooden and unnatural as an actress, and it's tough to watch, because she's clearly trying her damnedest." According to biographer Andrew Morton, "Madonna puts a brave face on the criticism, but privately she is deeply hurt." After the 2002 box-fice bomb Swept Away, Madonna vowed that she would never act in a film, hoping that her repertoire as a bad actress will never be discussed again.
Madonna is dedicated to Kabbalah and in 2004, she adopted the name Esther which in Hebrew means "star". She has donated millions dollars to New York and London schools teaching the subject. After she joined the Jewish religion, she faced opposition from rabbis who felt Madonna's adoption the Kabbalah was sacrilegious and a case celebrity dilettantism. Madonna defended her studies, saying "It would be less controversial if I joined the Nazi Party", and that her involvement with the Kabbalah is "not hurting anybody." The influence the Kaballah was subsequently observed in Madonna's music, especially albums like Ray Light and Music. According to scholar Bill Friskics-Warren, "the ethereal arrangement music in these albums and the philosophizing, replete with references to gurus and fate-fitting karma, at first may seem like New Age lyrics, but a deep analysis yields a sense connection that encompasses spiritual illumination and carnal ecstacy, in effect erasing the distinction between the two, and is the effect her oblique Kabbalistic meditation on union and transcendence." During the Re-Invention World Tour, at one point in the show, Madonna and her dancers wore t-shirts that read "Kabbalists Do It Better".